Diabetes Insipidus - Excessive Excretion Of Severely Diluted Urine
Also known as "water diabetes," it is often mistaken for diabetes mellitus/sugar diabetes. It is a rare disease, not widely diagnosed, in which the kidneys produce abnormally large volumes of dilute urine.
When a person excretes too much of severely diluted urine that are not able to be lessened through lesser intake of fluids, it is known as diabetes insipidus. A feature of this disability is that the kidney is no longer able to concentrate urine and it may be caused by deficiencies of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)) or through insensitivity of the kidneys to this particular hormone.
Diabetes Insipidus comes in four different types, and each has to be treated in a different manner.
- vasopressin-resistant, also known as nephrogenic. This is due to the reduced sensitivity of the kideys of the effect of vasopressin, an antidiuretic hormone
- gestational diabetes or gestagenic. This is caused by a deficiency of vasopressin, the antidiuretic hormone. It occurs exclusively during pregnancy, hence its name
- dipsogenic, is a type of primary polydipsia. This is caused by abnormal thirst and excessive intake of water or other liquids.
- central. Also known as neurogenic, hypothalamic, pituitary or neurohypophyseal. This is due to a deficiency of vasopressin, an antidiuretic hormone.
Symptoms And Other Signs
When the person excessively urinates and feels extremes of thirst, and more particularly for cold water, it is symptomatic of diabetes insipidus and symptoms of this disability are also very like those of diabetes mellitus, though the urine is not sweet and there won’t be elevated blood glucose and very rarely is there blurred vision. There is usually no let up in the excessive urination and it continues throughout the day as well as at night and in the case of children, it may cause interference in their appetite, eating as well as show weight gain and interferes with their growth, as well.
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Diabetes insipidus can be distinguished from other causes of excessive urination and blood glucose, bicarbonate as well as calcium need testing. Through testing, one may be able to determine the causes of diabetes insipidus, which may take the form of excessive intake of fluids, be a defect in ADH production or be a defect in the response of the kidney to ADH. Tests can be conducted to measure changes in the person’s body weight, outputs of urine as well as the composition of urine when urine is suspended and in some cases, it may also be necessary to measure blood levels of ADH.
Central diabetes insipidus as well as gestational diabetes insipidus will respond to desmorpressin which will be ineffective in nephrogenic diabetes insipidus and the doctor should advise the patient to drink fluids, only in case of feeling thirsty and not at other times. Diabetes insipidus, even if not treated for, does not cause death or even reduce the expectancy of life with the exception when the patient is unable to consume sufficient supplies of drinkable water and that may commonly occur if he or she loses consciousness or has some other debilitating condition.